Annotation of Alma 26 – preliminary
Alma 26 is a good example because it shows that a high percentage of Joseph Smith’s language is also KJV language. Few of the KJV words/phrases are not also found in Edwards, including the so-called "blended" passages.
The blue D&C words/phrases in the annotation are nonbiblical and also not found in Edwards. In some cases noted below, the nonbiblical language is close to Edwards (e.g., plural instead of singular). There are several examples in the Book of Mormon and D&C of paraphrased or misquoted passages from the KJV that are identical to paraphrased or misquoted KJV passages in Edwards' works.
The red words/phrases are nonbiblical D&C wording that are also found in Edwards' works.
Purple are biblical or nonbiblical D&C words/phrases similar to Edwards.
Naturally, Edwards is not the only person who ever used this nonbiblical Book of Mormon terminology. English is a common language or we couldn't understand one another. But the ready availability of Edwards' works in Palmyra during Joseph's youth indicates that Edwards was a possible source for Joseph's vocabulary that he used when translating the plates and receiving revelations. Passages with the Lord’s personal pronouns obviously are not usually found in Edwards.
Bold = KJV
Blue = nonbiblical BofM/D&C w/o JE (If unique to this instance, no footnote is given)
Red = nonbiblical BofM/D&C and JE
Purple = biblical/nonbiblical BofM/D&C similar to JE
Chapter 26
Ammon glories in the Lord—The faithful are strengthened by the Lord and are given knowledge—By faith men may bring thousands of souls unto repentance—God has all power and comprehends all things. About 90–77 B.C.
1 And now, these are the words[1] of Ammon to his brethren, which say thus[2]: My brothers and my brethren, behold I say unto you, how great reason[3] have we to rejoice[4]; for could we have supposed when we started from the land of Zarahemla that God would have granted[5] unto us such great blessings[6]?
2 And now, I ask, what great blessings has he bestowed upon us[7]? Can ye tell?
3 Behold, I answer for you[8]; for our brethren, the Lamanites, were in darkness, yea, even in the darkest[9] abyss[10], but behold, how many of them are brought to behold[11] the marvelous light[12] of God[13]! And this is the blessing which hath been bestowed[14] upon us, that we have been made instruments in[15] the hands of God[16] to bring about[17] this great work[18].
4 Behold, thousands of them do rejoice[19], and have been brought into the fold of[20] God[21].
5 Behold, the field was ripe[22], and blessed are ye, for ye did thrust in the sickle[23], and did reap with your might[24], yea, all the day long[25] did ye labor; and behold the number of your sheaves[26]! And they shall be gathered into the garners[27], that they are not wasted.
6 Yea, they shall not be beaten down[28] by the storm at the last day[29]; yea, neither shall they be harrowed up[30] by the whirlwinds[31]; but when the storm cometh they shall be gathered together in their place, that the storm cannot penetrate to[32] them; yea, neither shall they be driven with fierce winds[33] whithersoever[34] the enemy[35] listeth[36] to carry them.
7 But behold, they are in the hands of the Lord of the harvest[37], and they are his[38]; and he will raise them up[39] at the last day.
8 Blessed be the name of our God; let us sing to his praise[40], yea, let us give thanks to his holy name[41], for he doth work righteousness[42] forever.
9 For if we had not come up out of the land of Zarahemla, these our dearly beloved[43] brethren, who have so dearly beloved us, would still have been racked[44] with hatred against[45] us, yea, and they would also have been strangers to God[46].
10 And it came to pass that when Ammon had said these words, his brother Aaron rebuked[47] him, saying: Ammon, I fear that thy joy doth carry thee away unto boasting[48].
11 But Ammon said unto him: I do not boast in my own strength[49], nor in my own wisdom[50]; but behold, my joy is full[51], yea, my heart is brim with joy[52], and I will rejoice in my God.
12 Yea, I know that I am nothing; as to my strength I am weak; therefore I will not boast of[53] myself[54], but I will boast of my God, for in his strength[55] I can do all things[56]; yea, behold, many mighty miracles[57] we have wrought in this land, for which we will praise his name forever.
13 Behold, how many thousands of our brethren has he loosed from the pains of hell[58]; and they are brought to sing redeeming love[59], and this because of the power of his word[60] which is in us, therefore have we not great reason to rejoice[61]?
14 Yea, we have reason to praise[62] him forever, for he is the Most High God[63], and has loosed our brethren from the chains of hell[64].
15 Yea, they were encircled[65] about[66] with everlasting darkness[67] and destruction; but behold, he has brought them into his everlasting light[68], yea, into everlasting salvation[69]; and they are encircled about with the matchless[70] bounty[71] of his love[72]; yea, and we have been instruments in his hands of doing this great and marvelous[73] work.
16 Therefore, let us glory, yea, we will glory in the Lord[74]; yea, we will rejoice, for our joy is full; yea, we will praise our God forever. Behold, who can glory too much[75] in the Lord? Yea, who can say too much[76] of his great power[77], and of his mercy, and of his long-suffering towards the children of men? Behold, I say unto you, I cannot say the smallest part which I feel.
17 Who could[78] have supposed[79] that our God would have been so merciful[80] as to have snatched[81] us from our awful[82], sinful[83], and polluted state[84]?
18 Behold, we went forth even in wrath[85], with mighty threatenings[86] to destroy his church[87].
19 Oh then, why did he not consign[88] us to an awful destruction[89], yea, why did he not let the sword of his justice[90] fall upon us, and doom us to eternal despair[91]?
20 Oh, my soul, almost as it were, fleeth at the thought. Behold, he did not exercise[92] his[93] justice upon us, but in his great mercy[94] hath brought us over that everlasting[95] gulf of[96] death and misery[97], even to the salvation of our souls[98].
21 And now behold, my brethren, what natural man[99] is there that knoweth these things[100]? I say unto you, there is none that knoweth these things, save it be the penitent[101].
22 Yea, he that repenteth and exerciseth faith, and bringeth forth good works[102], and prayeth continually[103] without ceasing[104]—unto such it is given to know[105] the mysteries of God; yea, unto such it shall be given to reveal things[106] which never have been revealed; yea, and it shall be given unto such to bring thousands of souls[107] to repentance, even as it has been given unto us to bring these our brethren to repentance.
23 Now do ye remember, my brethren, that we said unto our brethren in the land of Zarahemla, we go up to the land of Nephi, to preach unto our brethren, the Lamanites, and they laughed us to scorn[108]?
24 For they said unto us: Do ye suppose that ye can bring the Lamanites to the knowledge of the truth[109]? Do ye suppose that ye can convince[110] the Lamanites of the incorrectness[111] of the traditions of their fathers[112], as stiffnecked[113] a people as they are; whose hearts[114] delight in[115] the shedding of blood[116]; whose days have been spent in the grossest[117] iniquity; whose ways have been the ways of a[118] transgressor[119] from the beginning? Now my brethren, ye remember that this was their language.
25 And moreover they did say: Let us take up arms[120] against them, that we destroy them and their iniquity out of the land, lest they overrun[121] us and destroy us.
26 But behold, my beloved brethren, we came into the wilderness not with the intent[122] to destroy[123] our brethren, but with the intent that perhaps we[124] might save some few[125] of their souls.
27 Now when our hearts were depressed[126], and we were about to turn back, behold, the Lord comforted us, and said: Go amongst thy brethren, the Lamanites, and bear with patience[127] thine afflictions, and I will give unto you success.
28 And now behold, we have come, and been forth amongst them; and we have been patient in[128] our sufferings[129], and we have suffered every privation[130]; yea, we have traveled from house to house[131], relying upon the mercies of the world—not upon the mercies of the world alone but upon the mercies of God[132].
29 And we have entered into their houses and taught them, and we have taught them in their streets; yea, and we have taught them upon their hills; and we have also entered into their temples and their synagogues and taught them; and we have been cast out, and mocked, and spit upon[133], and smote upon our cheeks[134]; and we have been stoned, and taken and bound[135] with strong cords[136], and cast into prison[137]; and through the power and wisdom[138] of God we have been delivered again.
30 And we have suffered all manner of[139] afflictions[140], and all this, that perhaps we might be the means[141] of saving some soul; and we supposed that[142] our joy would be full[143] if perhaps we could be the means of saving some[144].
31 Now behold, we can look forth and see the fruits of our labors[145]; and are they few[146]? I say unto you, Nay, they are many; yea, and we can witness of[147] their sincerity[148], because of their love towards[149] their brethren and also towards us.
32 For behold, they had rather[150] sacrifice their lives[151] than even to take the life[152] of their enemy; and they have buried their weapons of war[153] deep in the earth[154], because of their love towards their brethren.
33 And now behold I say unto you, has there been so great love[155] in all the land[156]? Behold, I say unto you, Nay, there has not, even among the Nephites.
34 For behold, they would take up arms against their brethren; they would not suffer themselves[157] to be slain. But behold how many of these[158] have laid down their lives[159]; and we know that they have gone to their God, because of their love and of their hatred to sin[160].
35 Now have we not reason to rejoice? Yea, I say unto you, there never were[161] men that had so great reason to rejoice as we, since the world began[162]; yea, and my joy is carried away[163], even unto boasting[164] in my God[165]; for he has all power, all wisdom[166], and all understanding; he comprehendeth all things, and he is a merciful Being[167], even unto salvation, to those who will repent and believe on his name[168].
36 Now if this is boasting, even so will I boast; for this is my life and my light[169], my joy and my salvation, and my redemption[170] from everlasting wo[171]. Yea, blessed is the name[172] of my God, who has been mindful[173] of this people, who are a branch of the tree[174] of Israel[175], and has been lost from its body in a strange land[176]; yea, I say, blessed be the name of my God[177], who has been mindful of us, wanderers in a strange land.
37 Now my brethren, we see that God is mindful of every people, whatsoever land[178] they may be in; yea, he numbereth his people, and his bowels of mercy[179] are over all the earth[180]. Now this is my joy, and my great thanksgiving[181]; yea, and I will give thanks[182] unto my God forever[183]. Amen.
(Alma 26–26:37)
[1] OT (5) NT (1) BM (22) DC (3) PGP (1) JE (10)
[2] BM (1) 1830: “which sayeth thus” “that say thus” JE (2) JE: “they that say thus can mean no more”
[3] BM (5) JE (100+) JE: “is an event that the friends of religion in America have great reason to rejoice in” “what Great Reason have we to forever to Praise”
[4] “to rejoice” OT (8) NT (3) BM (14) DC (2) JE (100+) “reason to rejoice » BM (4) JE (20) JE: “Christ tells us, they are blessed that are persecuted for righteousness' sake, and have reason to rejoice”
[5] BM (1)
[6] BM (4) DC (3) JE (40)
[7] NT (2) BM (2) JE (20)
[8] BM (1) JE (2)
[9] « darkest abyss » BM (2)
[10] BM (2) JE (60) JE: “How different is the idea from that which we have in the consideration of the dark and dire caverns and abyss down in the depths of the earth.”
[11] BM (1) JE (1)
[12] NT (1) “marvellous light” (1 Peter 2:9) BM (4) JE (30)
[13] “light of God” BM (2) JE (7) JE: “be sure to seek this light of God”
[14] BM (1) DC (1) JE (10)
[15] BM (3) “instrument in the hands of God” BM (5) NOTE: in OT, Instrument is music or farm implement, in BofM it is a person, as in JE: “is likely to be the instrument of the salvation and happiness of the souls of men, and to receive a glorious reward from the hands of God “
[16] BM )(9) JE (25)
[17]OT (1) BM (8) DC (2) JE (50) JE : « what the Scripture reveals concerning the work of God itself by which he will bring about this great event”
[18] OT (2) BM (1) DC (5) JE (100+)
[19] OT (1) NT (2) BM (5) JE (7)
[20] OT (1) BM (4) JE (3) OT: “fold of flocks” JE: “it must have respect to the great calling and gathering of the Jews into the fold of Christ
[21] “fold of God” BM (4)
[22] BM (1) always with “harvest” or fruits. E.g. Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down; (Joel 3:13) Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe. (Revelation 14:18) Except JE: “The fields are first white to the harvest before a great ingathering of souls. So it was in Samaria. The fields ben't white to the harvest till the grain is ripe.”
[23] BM (1) Alludes to Rev. Thrust in thy sickle, and reap: for the time is come for thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe. (Revelation 14:15) “Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe. And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God. (Revelation 14:18–19) Compare JE, who reframes the harvest as positive, like the BofM: “The angel has called to Christ to thrust in his sickle . Consider, 1. How happy those are that are of God's harvest. [Consider] who gathers them: the Son of man. Though he cuts 'em off, 'tis not in wrath. 'Tis as a loving Savior. [Consider] what they are gathered for: to sit with him in glory, to wear a golden crown as he does.”
[24] BM (3) DC (3) JE (10)
[25] OT (12) NT 1) BM (12) DC (1) JE (9)
[26] OT (9) BM (2) DC (4) JE (12) “for he shall gather them as the sheaves into the floor.” (Micah 4:12)
[27] OT (2) BM (1) DC (1)
[28] OT (2) BM (1) JE (4)
[29] OT (1) NT (7) BM (50) DC (8) JE (150)
[30] BM (5) 10 Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? or will he harrow the valleys after thee?
(Job 39:10)
[31] OT (2) BM (4) JE (4) “whirlwind” OT (27) BM (5) DC (3) PGP (1) JE (70)
[32] BM (1) JE (2)
[33] NT (1) BM (1) DC (1) JE (1)
[34] OT (21) NT (6) BM (12) DC (8) JE (55)
[35] “Enemy listeth” BM (1)
[36] NT (2) BM (5) JE (10)
[37] NT (2) BM (1) JE (7)
[38] BM (3) JE (25) JE : « Indeed, all men and all creatures are his. They are his…”
[39] OT (1) BM (1) JE (9)
[40] BM (2)
[41] OT (20) BM (7) DC (5) JE (40)
[42] BM (2) DC (1) JE (2)
[43] OT (1) NT (9) BM (5) DC (2) JE (20)
[44] BM (7) PGP (1) JE (3)
[45] OT (1) BM (3) JE (15)
[46] BM (1) JE (2) JE : « Reprobates he did not know; they were strangers to God from all eternity.”
[47] OT (6) NT (19) BM (4) DC (4) JE (60)
[48] NT (9) BM (6) DC (1) JE (100+)
[49] OT (2) BM (8) DC (1) JE (200)
[50] OT (1) BM (5) DC (1) JE (60) JE : « how easily does Satan make fools of men, if confident in their own wisdom and strength, and left to themselves?”
[51] BM (4) DC (1) JE (2)
[52] “brim” OT (9) NT (1) BM (1) JE (25) JE : “Absolute full Possession of the heart it fills it brim full so that there shall be no Room for any sorrow for any thing of an Adverse nature from Joy”
[53] NT (4) BM (3) DC (1) JE (80)
[54] “boast of myself” BM (1)
[55] OT (1) NT (1) BM (1) JE (6) JE: “ Let not the strong man Glory in his strength”
[56] NT (1) BM (1) JE (1) I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me. (Philippians 4:13)
[57] BM (11)
[58] OT (1) BM (4) JE (13)
[59] BM (3) JE (30) JE: “let your soul the more sweetly rest in the arms of his redeeming love”
[60] BM (8) JE (1) JE: “ over some he prevails by the power of his word , but others will not yield to this”
[61] BM (4) JE (22) JE: “ I shall have great reason to rejoice and be thankful.” “they have reason to rejoice in this hope with joy unspeakable and full of glory”
[62] BM (1) JE (25) JE : « We have all great reason to praise God for other mercies”
[63] OT (9) NT ()3) BM (6) DC (3) JE (40)
[64] BM (6) DC (1)
[65] BM (20) JE (1)
[66] « encircled about » BM (15)
[67] BM (1) JE (7)
[68] OT (2) BM (1) JE (30)
[69] T (1) BM (2) DC (5) JE (15)
[70] BM (8) JE (2)
[71] “matchless bounty “ BM (1)
[72] “bounty of his love” BM (1)
[73] NT (2) [2 l’s] BM (25) DC (6) JE (3) [plus 2 with 2 l’s]
[74] NT (2) BM (1) JE (10) « But he that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.” (2 Corinthians 10:17)
[75] OT (6) BM (2) JE (100+)
[76] BM (1) JE (3)
[77] OT (10) NT (5) BM (21) DC (2) JE (120)
[78] “could have supposed” BM (1)
[79] BM (6) DC (1) JE (40) JE: “All these things confirm what we have supposed to be Christ's meaning…”
[80] BM (1) JE (4) JE : « because it was committed against so merciful and good a God.”
[81] BM (2) JE (20)
[82] Bm (47) JE (500)
[83] OT (3) NT (5) BM (3) DC (1) JE (800)
[84] BM (2) JE (1) JE : « changing them from a polluted state to a state of perfect purity”
[85] OT 95) BM (2) DC (2) JE (60)
[86] NT (2) BM (10) JE (300)
[87] BM (1)
[88] BM (1) JE (7) JE: “as it were, consign yourself over to Satan”
[89] BM (1) JE (10)
[90] “sword of his justice” BM (2) “sword of justice” BM (3) JE (3) JE: “he stood between God and the people of Jerusalem when he saw the sword of justice drawn against it to destroy it (2 Samuel 24:17–25).“
[91] BM (1) JE (2)
[92] OT (2) NT (8) BM (15) DC (10) JE (500+)
[93] “exercise his” BM (2) JE (40)
[94] OT (4) NT (1) BM (3) JE (120)
[95] “everlasting gulf” BM (2)
[96] BM (4) JE (25) JE: “heaven and hell, eternal misery and eternal blessedness, fire and brimstone or light and glory, a bottomless gulf of misery or else rivers of pleasure forevermore” “So in hell is a lake or gulf of misery and wrath”
[97] BM (1) DC (1) JE (7)
[98] BM (3) JE (3)
[99] NT (1) BM (3) DC (1) PGP (1) JE (500)
[100] BM (2) “know these things” NT (2) BM (7) DC (1) JE (10)
[101] BM (2) JE (5)
[102] BM (2) JE (2) JE: “they are the most likely to yield a hearty and universal and careful obedience to God's commands and to bring forth good works”
[103] “Prayeth continually” and “continually without ceasing” BM (1); “pray continually” BM (2)
[104] NT (6) BM (5) JE (30)
[105] NT (2) BM (1) DC (4) JE (2) “Unto you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God”(Luke 8:10)
[106] BM (1) JE (4) JE: “God may reveal things in Scripture which way he pleases”
[107] BM (2) JE (5) JE: “a mistake that has Lead thousands of souls to their Ruin”
[108] OT (1) BM (1) “they laughed us to scorn, and despised us” (Nehemiah 2:19)
[109] NT (3) BM (15) DC (4) JE (35)
[110] BM (1) JE (4) JE: “God can convince men without, if he pleases, and sometimes does, as it must be”
[111] BM (2) JE (1) [JE correspondance]
[112] BM (13) DC (1) JE (4) JE : « so was the zeal of the Jews of old. They were exceeding zealous of the traditions of their fathers “
[113] OT (8) NT (1) B M (20) DC (1) JE (35)
[114] « hearts delight in » BM (1) JE (1) JE: ‘that they love Christ, and that their hearts delight in the doctrines of the gospel”
[115] OT (19) NT (1) BM (10) DC (1) JE (800)
[116] NT (1) BM (14) DC (3) JE (15)
[117] BM (1) JE (50) JE : « For it may be the church's duty, and so God's will, to admit those that live secretly in the grossest wickedness, as adultery, buggery, Deism, etc.”
[118] “the ways of a transgressor” BM ()1)
[119] OT (3) NT (2) BM (3) DC (5) JE (12)
[120] BM (17) JE (2)
[121] BM (4) JE (60) JE : « only foreign ravagers that overrun them, and conquered them, and kept them in bondage”
[122] BM (1)
[123] “intent to destroy” BM (2)
[124] BM (4) JE (20) JE: “Let us therefore do what we can for them; perhaps we may be instrumental of saving several souls from everlasting ruin and destruction. If each one here present should do what he could towards it, there is no doubt to be made but that many souls might be saved by their means. Let us therefore do our utmost ” Cf: “that perhaps we might save them from destruction.” (Mormon 2:21)
[125] OT (1) BM (1) DC (1) PGP (2) JE (60) JE : « many in great distress for their souls; and some few could neither go nor stand”
[126] BM (2) JE (45) JE : « in these things their hearts are tender and sensible, easily moved, deeply impressed, much concerned, very sensibly affected, and greatly engaged; much depressed with grief at worldly losses, and highly raised with joy at worldly successes and prosperity” Brainerd: “Exceedingly depressed in spirit. It cuts and wounds my heart to think how much self-exaltation…”
[127] BM (1) JE (1)
[128] OT (1) NT (2) BM (3) DC (4) JE (15)
[129] NT (10) BM (18) DC (7) JE (500+)
[130] BM (1) JE (12) JE: “A religious poverty is the privation of everything”
[131] OT (1) NT (4) BM (6) DC (2) JE (35)
[132] NT (1) BM (3) JE (12)
[133] OT (1) NT (3) BM (5) JE (30)
[134] “cheeks” OT (5) BM (6) JE (12) I gave my back to the smiter(s), and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair (Isa. 50:6; 2 Nephi 7:6)
[135] BM (5) JE (2) JE : « He was first imprisoned, taken and bound as a malefactor”
[136] BM (8)
[137] OT (5) BM (24) JE (9)
[138] BM (2) JE (60) JE paraphrasing: “This [is] a work of the almighty power and wisdom of God, which is Christ: 1 Corinthians 1:24, "Christ the power of God, and wisdom of God” “Christ himself, the power and wisdom of God.”
[139] OT (31) NT (11) BM (110) DC (3) PGP (1) JE (400)
[140] “all manner of afflictions” BM (9)
[141] BM (7) DC (2) JE (30) JE: “we shall be most likely to be the means of bringing others to him, and of their receiving of his light, and being made partakers of his life, and having his joy fulfilled in them.”
[142] NT (3) BM (20) DC (1) JE (290)
[143] BM (1)
[144] BM (2) JE (1)
[145] BM (1) JE (1) JE: “we may hope to enjoy the fruits of our labors.”
[146] BM (1)
[147] NT ()18) BM (4) DC (3) JE (120)
[148] OT (1) NT (6) BM (5) DC (1) JE (1200)
[149] BM (4) JE (70)
[150] BM (1) JE (20) JE: “If they say they had rather deny God's foreknowledge of future contingencies”
[151] BM (1)
[152] BM (2)
[153] OT (9) BM (46) JE (21)
[154] BM (3) JE (2) JE: “many of the cities of the old world, being buried deep in the earth by the new strata of earth”
[155] BM (1) JE (15) JE: “he may think that God has so great love to him as to will him all happiness that his infinite treasures afford and his nature can receive”
[156] OT (14) BM (32) JE (12)
[157] BM (2) JE (18)
[158] BM (1) JE (1)
[159] BM (1)
[160] BM (91) JE (4) “Convinced that Gods hatred to sin is exceeding Great”
[161] BM (2) JE (3) JE: “Perhaps there never were men on earth so criminal”
[162] NT (4) BM (6) DC (2) JE (9)
[163] BM (1) JE: “ the Lord's flock is carried away captive." So it is with gracious joys”
[164] NT (9) BM (6) DC (1) JE (125)
[165] “boasting in my God” BM (1)
[166] BM (1) JE (1) JE: “All power , all wisdom , all knowledge, all holiness and all truth dwell in him.”
[167] BM (1) JE (3) JE: “What could the most merciful being have done more for our encouragement?”
[168] NT (1) BM (12) JE (9)
[169] OT (1) BM (1) JE (3)
[170] BM (1) JE (1)
[171] BM (1) JE (1)
[172] BM (2)
[173] OT (6) NT (4) BM (5) JE (20)
[174] BM (3) JE (1)
[175] « tree of Israel » BM (1)
[176] OT (3) NT (1) BM (3) PGP (2) JE (20)
[177] OT (2) NT (1) BM (3) PGP (1) JE (5)
[178] BM (1) DC (1)
[179] BM (3) JE (2) JE: “in their epistles abundantly recommending love, peace, gentleness, prudence, bowels of mercy and kindness”
[180] OT (5) NT (1) BM (4) DC (2) PGP (2) JE (12)
[181] BM (1)
[182] OT (28) NT (7) BM (10) DC (2) JE (35)
[183]OT (8) NT (1) BM (3) DC (2) JE (25)