Embedded Files
Annotation of Alma 24 – preliminary
Alma 24 is a good example because it shows that a high percentage of its language is also KJV language. Few of the KJV words/phrases are not also found in Edwards, including the so-called "blended" passages.
The blue Book of Mormon words/phrases in the annotation are nonbiblical and also not found in Edwards. In some cases noted below, the nonbiblical language is close to Edwards (e.g., plural instead of singular). There are several examples in the Book of Mormon of paraphrased or misquoted passages from the KJV that are identical to paraphrased or misquoted KJV passages in Edwards' works.
The red words/phrases are nonbiblical Book of Mormon wording that are also found in Edwards' works as available on the Yale database, which includes most but not all of the 1808 edition, as well as material not included in the 1808 edition.
Purple are nonbiblical Book of Mormon words/phrases similar to Edwards.
Naturally, Edwards is not the only person who ever used this nonbiblical Book of Mormon terminology. English is a common language or we couldn't understand one another. But the ready availability of Edwards' works in Palmyra during Joseph's youth indicates that Edwards was a possible source for Joseph's vocabulary that he used when translating the plates.
Bold = KJV
Blue = nonbiblical BofM/D&C/PGP w/o JE
Red = nonbiblical BofM/D&C/PGP and JE
Purple = nonbiblical BofM/D&C/PGP similar to JE
Chapter 24
The Lamanites come against the people of God—The Anti-Nephi-Lehies rejoice in Christ and are visited by angels—They choose to suffer death rather than to defend themselves—More Lamanites are converted. About 90–77 B.C.
1 And it came to pass that the Amalekites and the Amulonites and the Lamanites who were in the land of Amulon, and also in the land of Helam, and who were in the land of Jerusalem, and in fine[1], in all the land round about[2], who had not been converted[3] and had not taken upon them[4] the name of Anti-Nephi-Lehi, were stirred up[5] by the Amalekites and by the Amulonites to anger against[6] their brethren.
2 And their hatred[7] became[8] exceedingly sore[9] against them, even insomuch that they began to[10] rebel against[11] their king, insomuch that they would not that he should be their king; therefore, they took up arms[12] against the people of Anti-Nephi-Lehi.
3 Now the king conferred[13] the kingdom[14] upon his son, and he called his name[15] Anti-Nephi-Lehi.
4 And the king died in that selfsame[16] year that the Lamanites began to make[17] preparations[18] for[19] war against the people of God[20].
5 Now when Ammon and his brethren and all those who had come up with him saw the preparations of the Lamanites to destroy their brethren, they came forth to the land of Midian, and there Ammon met all his brethren; and from thence they came to the land of Ishmael that they might hold a council[21] with Lamoni and also with his brother Anti-Nephi-Lehi, what they should do to defend themselves[22] against the Lamanites.
6 Now there was not[23] one soul[24] among all the people who had been converted[25] unto the Lord that would take up arms[26] against their brethren; nay, they would not even[27] make any preparations for war; yea, and also their king commanded them that they should not.
7 Now, these are the words[28] which he said unto the people concerning the matter[29]: I thank my God[30], my beloved people[31], that our great God[32] has in goodness[33] sent these our brethren, the Nephites, unto us to preach unto us, and to convince us[34] of the traditions of[35] our wicked fathers[36].
8 And behold, I thank my great God that he has given us a portion of his Spirit[37] to soften our hearts[38], that we have opened a correspondence[39] with these brethren, the Nephites.
9 And behold, I also thank my God, that by opening this correspondence we have been convinced of[40] our sins[41], and of the many[42] murders[43] which we have committed[44].
10 And I also thank my God, yea, my great God, that he hath granted unto us that we might repent[45] of these things, and also that he hath forgiven us of those our many sins[46] and murders which we have committed, and taken[47] away the guilt[48] from our hearts[49], through the merits of[50] his Son.
11 And now behold, my brethren, since it has been all that we could do[51] (as we were the most lost[52] of all mankind[53]) to repent of all our sins[54] and the many murders which we have committed, and to get God[55] to take them away[56] from our hearts, for it was all we could do[57] to repent[58] sufficiently[59] before God that he would take away our stain[60]—
12 Now, my best beloved brethren, since God hath taken away our stains[61], and our swords have become bright, then let us stain our swords no more with the blood of our[62] brethren.
13 Behold, I say unto you, Nay, let us retain[63] our swords that they be not stained[64] with the blood of our brethren; for perhaps, if we should stain our swords again they can no more[65] be washed bright[66] through the blood of the Son[67] of our great God, which shall be shed for the atonement of our sins[68].
14 And the great God has had mercy on us, and made these things known[69] unto us that we might not perish[70]; yea, and he has made these things known unto us beforehand, because he loveth our souls as well as he loveth our children; therefore, in his mercy[71] he doth visit us by his angels, that the plan of salvation might be made known unto us as well as[72] unto future generations[73].
15 Oh, how merciful is our God! And now behold, since it has been as much as we could[74] do to get our stains taken away from us, and our swords are made bright[75], let us hide them away[76] that they may be kept bright[77], as a testimony[78] to our God at the last day[79], or at the day that we shall be brought to stand[80] before him[81] to be judged, that we have not stained our swords in the blood of our brethren since he imparted[82] his word unto us and has made us clean[83] thereby.
16 And now, my brethren, if our brethren seek to destroy[84] us, behold, we will hide away our swords, yea, even we will bury them deep in the earth[85], that they may be kept bright, as a testimony that we have never used them, at the last day; and if our brethren destroy us, behold, we shall go to our God and shall be saved.
17 And now it came to pass that when the king had made an end of these sayings, and all the people were assembled together,[86] they took their swords, and all the weapons which were used for the shedding of[87] man’s blood, and they did bury them up deep in the earth.
18 And this they did, it being in their view[88] a testimony to God[89], and also to men, that they never would use weapons again for the shedding of man’s blood; and this they did, vouching[90] and covenanting[91] with God[92], that rather than[93] shed the blood of their brethren they would give up their[94] own lives; and rather than take away from a brother they would give unto him; and rather than spend their days[95] in idleness[96] they would labor abundantly[97] with their hands[98].
19 And thus we see that, when these Lamanites were brought to believe[99] and to know the truth[100], they were firm[101], and would suffer even[102] unto death rather than commit sin[103]; and thus we see that they buried their weapons of peace, or they buried the weapons of war[104], for peace.
20 And it came to pass that their brethren, the Lamanites, made preparations for war, and came up to the land of Nephi for the purpose of[105] destroying the king, and to place another in his stead, and also of destroying the people of Anti-Nephi-Lehi out of the land.
21 Now when the people saw that they were coming against them[106] they went out to meet[107] them, and prostrated[108] themselves before them to the earth, and began to call[109] on the name of the Lord; and thus they were in this attitude[110] when the Lamanites began to fall upon them, and began to slay them with the sword.
22 And thus without meeting any resistance[111], they did slay a thousand and five[112] of them; and we know that they are blessed[113], for they have gone to dwell[114] with their God.
23 Now when the Lamanites saw that their brethren would not flee from the sword, neither would they turn aside[115] to the right hand or to the left[116], but that they would lie down and perish[117], and praised God even in the very act [118]of perishing[119] under the sword—
24 Now when the Lamanites saw this they did forbear from slaying them; and there were many[120] whose hearts had swollen[121] in them for those of their brethren who had fallen under the sword[122], for they repented of[123] the things which they had done.
25 And it came to pass that they threw down[124] their weapons of war, and they would not take them[125] again, for they were stung[126] for the murders which they had committed; and they came down even as their brethren, relying upon[127] the mercies of those whose arms were lifted to slay them.
26 And it came to pass that the people of God were joined that day[128] by more than the number who had been slain; and those who had been slain were righteous people[129], therefore we have no reason to doubt[130] but what they were saved.
27 And there was not a wicked man[131] slain among them; but there were more than a thousand brought to the knowledge[132] of the truth[133]; thus we see that the Lord worketh in many ways[134] to the salvation of his people[135].
28 Now the greatest number[136] of those of the Lamanites who slew so many of their brethren were Amalekites and Amulonites, the greatest number of whom were after the order of[137] the Nehors.
29 Now, among those[138] who joined the people of the Lord[139], there were none who were Amalekites or Amulonites, or who were of the order of Nehor, but they were actual descendants[140] of Laman and Lemuel.
30 And thus we can plainly discern[141], that after a people[142] have been once enlightened[143] by the Spirit of God, and have had great knowledge[144] of things pertaining to[145] righteousness[146], and then have fallen away[147] into sin and transgression[148], they become more hardened[149], and thus their state becomes[150] worse than though they had never known[151] these things.
(Alma 24–24:30)
[1] “in fine” meaning in summary BM (18) JE (10) JE: “And in fine , love would dispose men to do to others as they would that others should do to them.”
[2] BM (14) DC (1)
[3] BM (7) JE (60) JE: “Multitudes have been converted”
[4] BM (4)
[5] OT (11) NT (5) BM (13) DC (2) JE (90)
[6] OT (3) BM (21) DC (3) JE (20)
[7] OT (17) NT (1) BM (19) JE (100s) JE : « when these reasons of love cease, and our enemies become proper objects of our hatred , then we may delight to see just revenge executed upon them.”
[8] “hatred became” BM (1)
[9] BM (15) “exceeding sore” JE (1) JE: “very full of pain and exceeding sore at his breast”
[10] “began to rebel” BM (1)
[11] OT (8) BM (16) JE (30) JE : « What king won't punish those subjects that rebel against him?”
[12] BM (2) JE (1) JE : « never took up arms to defend themselves”
[13] OT (1) NT (3) BM (10) DC (6) PGP (4) JE (60)
[14] “conferred the kingdom” BM (2)
[15] OT (31) NT (1) BM (1) PGP (4) JE (20)
[16] OT (11) NT (4) BM (5) JE (7)
[17] “make preparations » BM (7) DC (1) NOTE: “made preparations” BM (4) JE: “when they saw the gospel, this new doctrine, begin to spread so fast in the world; against which they had made no preparations , it being what they never in the least suspected.”
[18] OT (1) BM (20) DC (3) JE (65)
[19] “preparations for” BM (9) DC (1) JE (20)
[20] OT (2) NT (3) BM (9) DC (1) PGP (4) JE (100s) JE : « I say, then the people of God , openly to distinguish themselves from the wicked apostate world of the posterity of Cain and those that joined with them,”
[21] BM (2) JE (1) JE : « to hold a council among themselves; therefore they would return to their own country”
[22] BM (9) DC (1) JE (15)
[23] « not one soul » BM (5) JE (2) JE: “not one soul shall be left” “we still say there was not one soul of that council called”
[24] OT (1) NT (1) BM (8) DC (2) PGP (1) JE (35)
[25] BM (4) JE (5) JE: “of which all that had been converted before”
[26] BM (17) JE (2) JE: “his thunder shall not sleep towards his Enemies that Rebell against and take up arms”
[27] BM (1) JE (3)
[28] OT (5) NT (1) BM (22) DC (3) PGP (1) JE (8)
[29] BM (11) DC (2) JE (4) JE : « there is a division into different parties, of opposite opinions concerning the matter”
[30] NT (5) BM (3) JE (5) NOTE: all 3 BM references are in Alma 24.
[31] BM (2) JE (5) JE: “ it is prayer for his own church, his chosen and beloved people”
[32] OT (6) NT (2) BM (5) DC (1) JE (100) NOTE : all 5 BM references are in Alma 24.
[33] OT (2) BM (1) JE (20)
[34] BM (1) JE (30)
[35] NT (1) BM (15) DC (1) JE (20) NT : « my fathers” BM/JE “their fathers”
[36] BM (1)
[37] BM (2) JE (4) JE: “Elisha received a double portion of his spirit when he ascended” “Elisha was one of his sons, but he desired to have a double portion of his spirit as his successor, as his first born”
[38] BM (1)
[39] BM (4) JE (100s) JE : « I thank you for it, and for your offering me a correspondence with you.”
[40] NT (2) BM (8) JE (100s)
[41] “convinced of our sins” BM (1) JE: “ it is essential to Christianity that we repent of our sins, that we be convinced of our own sinfulness” “brought to repentance, are wont to be convinced of their sins against the gospel”
[42] “many murders” BM (7)
[43] NT (4) BM (30) JE (20)
[44] OT (3) BM (5) JE (5)
[45] BM (3) DC (2) JE (3) JE: “man was created for this end, that he might repent”
[46] BM (4) JE (30) JE: “the grace of God through that, removes the guilt of many sins from us.”
[47] “take(n away the guilt” BM (1) JE (5) JE: “that will never take away the guilt except satisfaction is made” “he might take away the guilt of their cruelty” “the Jews understood that the Messiah was to be their high priest, who was to take away the guilt of sin and make a true complete atonement”
[48] OT (2) BM (1) JE (20)
[49] BM (2) JE (4) NOTE : Both uses in Alma 24. JE: “how Constantly sin has flowed from us from our hearts Like streams from a fountain”
[50] BM (3) DC (1) JE (30) JE: “God will offer them no more the merits of the sufferings of Christ and his blood”
[51] BM (1)
[52] BM (1) JE (1) JE: “even at those times when they seem to be most lost of X”
[53] OT (1) BM (3) JE (100)
[54] BM (1)
[55] BM (1) JE (1)
[56] OT (4) BM (1) JE (4)
[57] BM (1)
[58] “repent sufficiently” BM (1)
[59] OT (2) BM (18) DC (5) JE (100s)
[60] OT (3) BM (4) JE (35)
[61] BM (2) JE (4) JE (Brainerd): “I longed ardently to be cleansed and washed from the stains”
[62] BM (5) JE (1) JE: “shed blood of our Redeemer” BM “blood of our brethren”
[63] BM (1)
[64] BM (3) DC (1) JE (8) JE : « their garments, that were stained with their own blood, are now made white in the blood of the Lamb”
[65] OT (1) BM (5) JE (30)
[66] BM (1)
[67] BM (1) JE (15) JE: “What a price is here set upon salvation of the soul—the blood of the Son of God!”
[68] BM (1)
[69] BM (3)
[70] BM (4) DC (1) PGP (1) JE (4) JE paraphrased John 23 :12 « God so loved the WORLD, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him MIGHT NOT PERISH , but have everlasting life." Implying, that otherwise they must perish, or be destroyed.” “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.” (John 3:16)
[71] OT (2) BM (1) JE (40)
[72] OT (7) NT (3) BM (17) DC (14) JE (100s)
[73] BM (7) DC (1) JE (40) JE: “not only his own life time But future Generations as well”
[74] BM (1) JE (1) JE: “as much as we could make it so”
[75] OT (1) BM (1) JE (1)
[76] BM (1)
[77] BM (2)
[78] BM (10) DC (5) JE (40)
[79] NT (5) BM (49) DC (8) JE (100)
[80] BM (8) DC (1)
[81] “stand before him” OT (4) BM (5) JE (12)
[82] OT (1) NT (1) BM (5) JE (75)
[83] BM (1)
[84] OT (1) BM (14) JE (3)
[85] BM (3) JE (2) JE: “And so were many of the cities of the old world, being buried deep in the earth by the new strata of earth, that the flood brought over them and left upon them.”
[86] OT (3) NT (3) BM (3) DC (2) JE (4)
[87] BM (24) DC (4) JE (10) JE paraphrasing : « Add to this that the Apostle says, "without the shedding of blood there is no remission" “And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.” (Hebrews 9:22)
[88] BM (1) JE (20)
[89] BM (1)
[90] BM (1) “vouch” JE (4) “you might have produced a great many witnesses to vouch the truth of the same”
[91] BM (2) JE (100+)
[92] “covenanting with God” BM (1) JE (20) JE: “or by swearing to or covenanting with God uniting himself by his own act to the people that is called by his name”
[93] OT (8) NT (6) BM (10) DC (2) JE (100s)
[94] BM (2) JE (10)
[95] “spend their days” OT (2) BM (1) JE (5)
[96] BM (3) JE (12) JE: “Those that spend a great deal of their time in idleness or doing nothing”
[97] BM (1)
[98] OT (1) NT (1) BM (4) JE (12)
[99] BM (3) JE (7) JE: “What is conversion, but the sinful alienated soul's closing with Christ, or the sinner's being brought to believe in Christ?”
[100] OT (1) NT (2) BM (2) DC (3) JE (35)
[101] BM (4)
[102] BM (4) DC (1) JE (2) JE : « they would rather suffer even the most ignominious death, than, in the denial of Christ, to sacrifice to the gods.” NOTE: “he suffered an ignominious death” BM (1) Alma 1:15
[103] NT (2) BM (8) DC (1) JE (60)
[104] OT (9) BM (46) JE (18)
[105] BM (6) DC (8) PGP (2) JE (10)
[106] BM (3) JE (1)
[107] OT (10) BM (1) JE (2)
[108] BM (1) “prostrate” BM (3) JE (10) JE: « they are brought sweetly to yield, and freely and with delight to prostrate themselves at the feet of God.” “ If possible, prostrate yourselves still lower before the throne of the blessed King of heaven”
[109] BM (1) JE (2) JE paraphrase : « Genesis 4:26. "And to Seth, to him also was born a son; and he called his name Enos. Then men began to call upon the name of the Lord” “And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enos: then began men to call upon the name of the Lord.(Genesis 4:26)
[110] BM (1)
[111] BM (1) JE (4)
[112] OT (1) BM (1) JE (3) JE quoting OT. And he spake three thousand proverbs: and his songs were a thousand and five. (1 Kings 4:32)
[113] OT (1) BM (3) JE (25)
[114] OT (1) BM (1)
[115] OT (20) BM (5) JE (60)
[116] OT (10) BM (1) JE (4)
[117] BM (1)
[118] NT (1) BM (1) JE (30)
[119] OT (1) BM (2) DC (1) JE (100+)
[120] OT (3) NT (3) BM (56) PGP (3) JE (150)
[121] NT (1) BM (7) JE (6)
[122] BM (2)
[123] OT (2) NT (2) BM (14) DC (2) PGP (2) JE (40)
[124] OT (1) BM (3) JE (2)
[125] BM (1)
[126] BM (1) JE (1) JE: “ in the midst of the perpetration of acts of wickedness mens minds are stung with the thoughts of Hell”
[127] BM (3) JE (2) JE: “There follows a rest, satisfaction, and repose in the soul, relying upon God”
[128] BM (1)
[129] BM (12) DC (1) JE (5)
[130] BM (1) JE (15) JE: “And Moses, who wrote the account, had no reason to doubt but that the affair would be thus understood by his readers” “concerning Mr. Brainerd, there can be no reason to doubt but that he had much of God's gracious presence”
[131] OT (18) BM (6) DC (3) JE (100+)
[132] BM (6) JE (3)
[133] « knowledge of the truth » NT (3) BM (15) DC (4) JE (30)
[134] BM (1) JE (10) JE : « he at the same time did in many ways show forth his divine majesty and glory”
[135] BM (1) JE (20)
[136] BM (2) JE (15)
[137] OT (1) NT (7) BM (9) DC (12) PGP (1) JE (35)
[138] OT (3) NT (1) BM (10) DC (5) PGP (1) JE (100)
[139] OT (8) BM (25) DC (1) JE (2)
[140] BM (1)
[141] BM (1) JE (6) JE: “they see so much of religion, that they plainly discern that it must needs be the offspring of God”
[142] BM (1)
[143] OT (4) NT (2) BM (3) DC (3) PGP (1) JE (200) JE : «have been wrought upon by the Spirit of God and enlightened to see the corruption” “ Hebrews 6:4–5. "That are once enlightened , and taste of the heavenly gift” “For it is impossible for those who were once enlightened, and have tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the Holy Ghost, (Hebrews 6:4)
[144] BM (6) PGP (1) JE (25)
[145] OT (1) NT (6) BM (11) DC (24) PGP (4) JE (100+)
[146] “pertaining to righteousness” BM (6)
[147] BM (2) JE (15) JE: “some have run into great errors in their conduct, and some have fallen away”
[148] BM (2) JE (1)
[149] BM (4) JE (10) JE: “As for those that were grown up and had convictions then, and quenched them, they, most of 'em, are abundantly more hardened” “we who have dwelt in a land that has been distinguished with light, and have long enjoyed the gospel, and have been glutted with it, and have despised it, are I fear more hardened than most of those places where you have preached hitherto”
[150] BM (1) JE (1)
[151] BM (1) JE (4) JE: “it would have been well for them if they had never Known the Law of G”
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